Nginx是一款高性能的开源Web服务器和反向代理服务器。它由俄罗斯的工程师Igor Sysoev开发,并于2004年首次公开发布。Nginx的设计目标是提供高性能、稳定性和低资源消耗的解决方案,以应对大流量的网站和应用程序。,,如果您需要评测Nginx服务器性能与优化指南,可以参考CSDN博客上的一篇文章,该文章详细介绍了Nginx的反向代理、负载均衡和性能优化技术,包括配置优化、系统优化、缓存机制和高并发处理策略,旨在帮助专业从业者深入理解并有效应用Nginx。
本文目录导读:
Nginx是一个开源的高性能HTTP和反向代理服务器,它的设计目标是提供高吞吐量、低延迟和高可靠性,在互联网行业中,Nginx被广泛应用于各种场景,如Web服务器、负载均衡器、反向代理等,本文将对Nginx服务器的性能进行评测,并提供一些优化建议,帮助您充分利用Nginx的优势,提高服务器的运行效率。
评测Nginx服务器性能
1、基准测试
要评测Nginx服务器的性能,首先需要进行基准测试,可以使用ngx_bench
工具进行基准测试,以下是一个简单的示例:
$ ./objs/nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.21.3 $ ./objs/nginx -c conf/nginx.conf -g "daemon off;" -k start
在编译Nginx时,可以通过添加--with-http_ssl_module
选项来启用SSL支持,使用ngx_bench
工具进行基准测试:
$ ./objs/nginx -c conf/nginx.conf -g "daemon off;" --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_geoip_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --without-http_stub_status_module --without-http_cache_purge_module --without-http_image_filter_module --without-http_geoip2_module $HOSTS $PORTS $REQUESTS $THREADS $TIME $BODY $HEADERS
$HOSTS
是待测试的域名列表,$PORTS
是待测试的端口列表,$REQUESTS
是每个域名的请求数,$THREADS
是并发线程数,$TIME
是测试时间(秒),$BODY
和$HEADERS
分别表示请求体和请求头文件。
2、压力测试
压力测试可以帮助我们评估Nginx服务器在高并发情况下的表现,可以使用ab
工具进行压力测试,以下是一个简单的示例:
$ ab -n 1000000 -c 1000 http://example.com/path/to/your/file > result.txt
在这个示例中,我们对example.com/path/to/your/file
发起了100万个请求,每次请求包含1000个并发连接,测试结果将输出到result.txt
文件中。
优化Nginx服务器性能
1、调整worker进程数和连接数
Nginx默认的worker进程数为等于CPU核心数的值,连接数为1024,可以根据实际情况调整这两个参数以提高服务器性能,可以将worker进程数设置为2,连接数设置为2048,修改配置文件后,需要重新加载配置:
$ sudo nginx -s reload
2、开启缓存模块
Nginx提供了多种缓存模块,如proxy cache、fastcgi cache等,可以根据实际需求开启相应的缓存模块,以减轻后端服务器的压力,提高响应速度,可以开启代理缓存模块:
location / { proxy_cache proxycache; # or fastcgi_cache fastcgicache; proxypass http://backend; }
3、使用gzip压缩响应内容
开启gzip压缩可以减少传输数据量,提高传输速度,可以在配置文件中添加以下指令来启用gzip压缩:
gzip on; # gzip compression on; gzip_min_length 1k; # minimum size of input file to compress (1K) gzip_comp_level 2; # level of compression (1 is no compression) gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; # types of files to compress by extension name (*.js *.css etc.)
4、使用HTTP KeepAlive保持连接状态
开启HTTP KeepAlive可以让客户端在一次TCP连接中发送多个HTTP请求,从而减少建立和关闭连接的时间,提高传输效率,可以在配置文件中添加以下指令来启用KeepAlive:
keepalive_timeout 65; # maximum number of seconds between messages sent by keepalive connections (default is 75) keepalive_requests 100; # maximum number of requests per connection that can be sent before the client should be disconnected (default is 10)
5、优化静态资源缓存策略
静态资源(如图片、CSS、JavaScript等)通常不会经常更新,因此可以考虑使用缓存策略来减少对后端服务器的访问次数,可以在配置文件中添加以下指令来配置静态资源缓存策略:
enable caching for all static resources with an Expires header (default) and a max age of one day (24h). Use 'last modified' instead if your web server sends Last-Modified headers in HTTP responses. See RFC7234 for more information about expiration times and how they are interpreted by browsers and proxies. Note that this directive will not work if the location block contains any non-root directives such as rewrite or try_files which can change the requested URL path. If you need to cache URLs without changing their path you can use a custom location block with a default root and a proxy cache like this: location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ { root = /usr/share/nginx/html; expires = 7d; add_header Pragma public; add_header Content-Type text/plain; expires=1d; access_log off; try_files $uri @fallback; } location @fallback { return 404; } # fallback to sending back a plain text error message when the requested file doesn't exist or isn't accessible for some reason. This will prevent clients from seeing an empty page with nothing but a "404 Not Found" message. The error page must be located at the root of your website or in a subdirectory named error. If you want to serve other error pages as well you can use a regular expression to match them and add additional location blocks for each one. For example: location ~* \.(htm|html|php|asp)$ { ... } location ~* \.(txt|asc|csv|pdf|doc|xls|ppt)$ { ... } location ~* .(avi|mpg|mpeg|wav|ogg)$ { ... } location ~* \.(zip|rar|gz|tar)$ { ... } location ~* \.(mp3|wma|aac)$ { ... } location ~* \.(mid|midi)$ { ... } location ~* \.(bmp|jpe?g|tiff?)$ { ... } location ~* \.(ico|cur)$ { ... } location ~* \.(svgz)$ { ... } location ~* \.(ogv)$ { ... } location ~* .(ogg)$ { ... } location ~* \.(webm)$ { ... } location ~* \.(mov)$ { ... } location ~* .(3gp)$ { ... } location ~* \.(asf)$ { ... } location ~* \.(flv)$ { ... } location ~* \.(wmv)$ { ... } location ~* .(rmvb)$ { ... } location ~* \.(swf)$ { ... } location ~* \.(rtmp)/([\-\w]+)(\?S*)?$ { ... # rtmp streams require specific configuration see http://wiki.nginx.org/rtmp for more details # if you have any other custom locations that match these patterns you can add them here using the same syntax and replace 'error' with your custom error code like this: location @error ($remoteaddr) {$return500 '5