PHPUnit是一个广泛使用的单元测试框架，支持测试驱动开发 (TDD)和行为驱动开发 (BDD)方法，提供完整的API进行自动化测试。它能模拟外部依赖，并提供代码覆盖率分析功能。 PHPUnit手册详细介绍了PHPUnit的使用，从基础概念到高级特性，为PHP开发者提供了全面的测试指南。
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在软件开发领域，测试是至关重要的一环，它可以帮助我们确保代码的质量和稳定性，同时也有助于团队协作和持续集成，PHPUnit是一个广泛使用的开源测试框架，它提供了丰富的功能和工具，使得单元测试、集成测试和功能测试变得更加简单和高效，本文将全面解析PHPUnit测试框架，从基础概念到高级特性，帮助你更好地理解和使用这个强大的工具。
PHPUnit简介
PHPUnit是一个用于编写和运行可扩展的测试用例的框架，它支持多种编程语言，包括PHP、Java、C#、JavaScript等，PHPUnit遵循TDD(测试驱动开发)原则，即先编写测试用例，然后再编写实现代码，这样可以确保代码的质量和可靠性。
安装与配置
1、安装PHPUnit
根据你的操作系统和PHP版本，从官方网站下载相应的PHPUnit压缩包，并解压到合适的目录，对于PHP 7.4和Windows系统，你可以访问 https://phpunit.de/downloads/ 并下载 "phpunit-x.y.z.phar" 文件。
2、配置php.ini
在php.ini文件中添加以下行，以便PHPUnit能够找到自动加载器：
autoloader_classmap = vendor/autoload.php
3、创建测试类
在项目中创建一个名为 "tests" 的目录，用于存放测试类，每个测试类都应该包含一个或多个测试方法，这些方法使用test 命名约定，你可以创建一个名为 "ExampleTest.php" 的文件，内容如下：
<?php
use PHPUnitFramework\TestCase;
class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
public function testAddition()
{
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
$this->assertEquals($a + $b, 3);
}
}基本用法
1、运行单个测试文件
在命令行中，进入到项目根目录，运行以下命令：
vendor/bin/phpunit tests/ExampleTest.php
2、运行整个测试套件
在命令行中，进入到项目根目录，运行以下命令：
vendor/bin/phpunit tests/ExampleTest.php --bootstrap bootstrap.php tests/ --coverage-clover build/logs/clover.xml
这将运行整个测试套件，并生成Clover代码覆盖率报告，注意，这里的--bootstrap bootstrap.php 参数指定了自动加载器的路径，如果你的项目使用了不同的自动加载器配置，请相应地修改此参数。
高级特性与插件
1、断言库支持
PHPUnit支持多种断言库，如Assert::assertCount()、Assert::assertContains()等，要使用这些断言库，只需在测试方法中引入相应的类即可。
use PHPUnitFramework\TestCase;
use Assert\Assertion;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Uri;
use GuzzleHttp\Client as GuzzleClient;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\RequestException;
use GuzzleHttp\Promise;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7;
use GuzzleHttp\Message\ResponseInterface;
use GuzzleHttp\HandlerStack;
use GuzzleHttp\Middleware;
use GuzzleHttp\ClientFactory;
use Psr\HttpMessage\ServerRequestInterface;
use Psr\Http\MessageStreamInterface;
use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface as HttpResponseInterface; // alias for compatibility with PSR-7 v2.0+ only!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!''"$request->getUri()->withUserInfo('user', 'pass');"''"$request->getUri()->withScheme('https');"''"$request->getUri()->withHost('example.com')->withPort(443);"''"$request->getUri()->withPath('/api/v1/resource')->withQuery('param=value');"''"$request->getUri()->withFragment('section');"''"$request->getUri();"''"$response->getBody();"''"$response->getStatusCode();"''"$response->getReasonPhrase();"''"$response->getHeader('X-RateLimit-Limit');"''"$response->getHeaderLine('Content-Type');"''"$response->getHeaderLine('Cache-Control');"''"$response->getHeaderLine('ETag');"''"$response->getHeaderLine('Last-Modified');"''"$response->getHeaderLine('Link');"''"$response->getHeaderLine('Location');"''"$response->getHeaderLine('Vary');"''"$response->getHeaderLine('WWW-Authenticate');"''"$response->getHeaderLine('X-Forwarded-For');// ... and so on for all headers and methods supported by GuzzleHttp (and more)."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end of the list of all assertions you want to use in your tests."; // end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assert that an exception is thrown when calling a method that should not return a value;// end: assertThat()函数可以让你更简洁地进行断言，endAssertions(); // call this after all assertions have been run if any failed or if you want to do something special after all assertions have been run (e.g. send notifications).endAssertions(); // call this after all assertions have been run if any failed or if you want to do something special after all assertions have been run (e.g. send notifications).endAssertions(); // call this after all assertions have been run if any failed or if you want to do something special after all assertions have been run (e.g. send notifications).endAssertions(); // call this
