本文目录导读：
Apache服务器是一个开源的、高性能的HTTP服务器软件，广泛应用于各种Web应用场景，本文将为您提供一个全面的评测指南，帮助您了解如何安装和配置Apache服务器，以及如何对其性能进行优化。
安装与配置
1、下载Apache安装包
您需要从Apache官方网站(http://httpd.apache.org/)下载最新版本的Apache安装包，选择适合您操作系统的安装包，例如Windows、Linux或macOS。
2、安装Apache
根据您的操作系统，按照官方文档的指引进行安装，以Windows为例，双击下载好的安装包，按照提示完成安装过程，在Linux系统中，您可以使用包管理器(如apt-get或yum)进行安装。
3、配置Apache
安装完成后，您需要对Apache进行基本配置，打开Apache的配置文件httpd.conf(Windows系统位于C:\Program Files (x86)\Apache GroupApache2\conf;Linux系统位于/etc/httpd/conf/),并进行以下设置：
- 修改监听端口号(Listen):默认情况下，Apache监听80端口，如果您需要使用其他端口，请修改此设置。
- 设置虚拟主机(VirtualHost):虚拟主机允许您在同一台服务器上托管多个网站，要添加虚拟主机，请在httpd.conf文件中添加以下内容：
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.example1.com
DocumentRoot "C:/www/example1"
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.example2.com
DocumentRoot "C:/www/example2"
</VirtualHost>将ServerName和DocumentRoot替换为您的实际域名和网站根目录。
4、重启Apache服务
配置完成后，重启Apache服务以使更改生效，在Windows系统中，打开“服务”应用程序，找到“Apache2.4”服务并重新启动，在Linux系统中，您可以使用以下命令重启Apache服务：
sudo systemctl restart httpd
性能优化
1、调整线程数(Threads)和进程数(Processes)
Apache服务器的性能受到线程数和进程数的影响，默认情况下，线程数为256个，进程数为16个，您可以通过修改httpd.conf文件中的这两个参数来调整它们：
MaxRequestWorkers 200 StartServers 200 MinSpareServers 50 MaxSpareServers 100
将这些值调整为适合您服务器硬件资源的数值，注意不要设置过高的值，以免消耗过多的系统资源。
2、启用缓存(Cache)功能
为了提高Web应用的响应速度，您可以启用Apache的缓存功能，在httpd.conf文件中添加以下内容：
#启用mod_cache模块(仅限于Apache 2.4) LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
然后启用缓存模块：
sudo a2enmod cache_module
配置缓存策略，编辑httpd.conf文件，添加以下内容：
#设置缓存目录和过期时间(单位：秒)
CacheEnable "static" ${CACHE_TYPES} default=YES expiresActiveSec=${CACHE_EXPIRES} inactiveSec=${CACHE_INACTIVE} minLifetimeSec=${CACHE_MINLIFETIME} maxLifetimeSec=${CACHE_MAXLIFETIME} diskExpires="${CACHE_DISKEXPIRE}" memoryExpires="${CACHE_MEMORYEXPIRE}" reloadDisable="${CACHE_RELOADDISABLE}" blockingWrites="${CACHE_BLOCKWRITES}" noScripts="${NOSCRIPTS}" headersHashed="${HEADERS_HASHED}" encoding="identity" lazyHeaders="${LAZYHEADERS}" gzipOnStaticFileWrite="${GZIPONSTATICFILEWRITE}" gzipMinLength="${GZIPMINLENGTH}" gzipTypesSet="${GZIPTYPES}" gzipProtocolsSet="${GZIPPROTOCOLS}" gzipBufferSize="${GZIPBUFFERSIZE}" removeAcceptEncodingIfInvalid="${REMOVEACCEPTENCODINGIFINVALID}" removeAcceptEncodingIfRange="${REMOVEACCEPTENCODINGIFRANGE}" sendCacheControlOnStaticFiles="${SENDCACHECONTROLONSTATICFILES}" sendCacheControlOnUnknownProxy="${SENDCACHECONTROLONUNKNOWNPROXY}" proxyNoCacheOnNoStore="${PROXYNOCACHEONNOSTORE}" enableSendfile="${ENABLESENDFILE}" useCanonicalNames="${USECANONICALNAMES}" enableMimeUseCanonicalNames="${ENABLEMIMEUSECANONICALNAMES}" allowEncodedSetCookies="${ALLOWENCODEDSETCOOKIES}" allowEncodedCookiesV2="${ALLOWENCODEDCAKESV2}" addAllowedEncodings none excludedUserAgents="" addAllowedProxies none excludedClientIds="" proxyPreserveHost on off undef proxyPassInterceptErrors on off undef proxyPassReverseProxy on off undef proxyPassTrustedProxy on off undef proxyPass* on "@remoteip" replaceInternalRedirect off on no-query authUserProvider "file:/path/to/htpasswd_file" authType Basic userPwFile "/path/to/htpasswd_file" authUserFile "/path/to/htpasswd_file" authGroupFile "/path/to/htpasswd_file" require valid-user disableDirContextParams hideInfoPages showMessage workGroupDefault denyOverride Allow from all deny from all Options +ExecCGI FollowSymLinks Optional EnableIncludes None SetHandler server-status env no-hsts AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain application/xhtml+xml text/xml application/xml application/rss+xml image/svg+xml image/x-icon application/javascript image/webp image/* text/* default-type application/octet-stream ExpiresActive On ExpiresInterval 0 ExpiresByType image/svg+xml image/x-icon image/webp image/* text/* default-type application/octet-stream MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 5000 KeepAliveCountMax 100 ConnectTimeout 60 RequestTimeout 3600 SSLVerifyClient require SSLVerifyDepth none SSLVerifyDepthOptional infoOnly ShowWarnings Off ErrorLog logs/error_log Level warn LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" \"%m\"" CustomLog logs/access_log combined DateFormat "%a %b %e %T %r:%z %Y" setenvIfNotExist ContentType text/html no-default plusDisMax 1m plusFileSizeLimit 1m plusEnabled on ifModifiedSince MTime setEnvIfNotExist X-Powered-By php5-cgi plusPriority high expiresActiveSeconds ${CACHE_EXPIRES} expiresDefault ${CACHE_EXPIRES} expiresIgnoreDotFiles on accessPublicPath off accessPreserveHeaders None accessControlAllowOrigin * accessControlAllowMethods GET POST PUT DELETE accessControlAllowHeaders Origin Content-Type Accept Range requestAuthStatus enabled authCacheDBTable cache ifNoneMatch IfModifiedSince IfUnmodifiedSince LastModified ETag Pragma Expires x-accel-buffering no-store no-cache must-revalidate proxy-pre-check proxy-revalidate max-age=3600 publicDateExpire maxAge=3600 private DateExpire expiresExpiresActive True expiresExpiresByType image/jpg image/jpeg image/gif image/png image/ico image/svg+xml image/* text/* default-type application/octet-stream expiresExpiresByType application/xml application/rss+xml application/atom+xml application/javascript expiresExpiresByType text/* default-type application/octet-stream expiresIfModifiedSince MTime expiresLastModified true addEventListener mod_headers setInputFilterForSecurity Purpose ForceSSL redirectStatus StatusCode Location Reason Content Type Charset AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain application/xhtml+xml text/xml application/xml application/rss+xml image/svg+xml image/x-icon application/javascript image/webp image/* text/* default-type application/octet-stream ExpiresActive On ExpiresInterval 0 ExpiresByType image/svg+xml image/x-icon image/webp image/* text/* default-type application/octet-stream MaxKeepA