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XML基本概念
XML基本操作

在计算机编程中，XML(可扩展标记语言)是一种用于存储和传输数据的标记语言，它具有易读、易写的特点，同时具有良好的可扩展性，本文将介绍XML的基本操作，包括创建、解析、修改和删除XML文档等，并通过实例演示如何使用Python进行XML操作。

XML基本概念

1、XML的定义

XML(可扩展标记语言)是一种用于描述数据结构的语言，它使用一系列的标签来表示数据，这些标签可以包含文本、数字和其他标签，形成一个层次结构。

2、XML的特点

- 易读：XML文档中的元素和属性都是用尖括号包围的，这使得XML文档具有很好的可读性。

- 易写：XML文档的格式简单明了，容易编写和修改。

- 可扩展：XML支持自定义标签，可以根据需要扩展新的功能。

- 异构性：XML可以表示不同类型的数据结构，如树形结构、列表结构等。

XML基本操作

1、创建XML文档

创建XML文档的基本语法如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
  <element attribute="value">Text</element>
</root>

version属性表示XML版本，encoding属性表示编码方式，root表示根元素，element表示子元素，attribute表示属性，value表示属性值，Text表示文本内容。

2、解析XML文档

解析XML文档可以使用Python的xml.etree.ElementTree库，以下是一个简单的示例：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
xml_string = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
  <element attribute="value">Text</element>
</root>'''
root = ET.fromstring(xml_string)
print(root.tag)  # 输出：root
print(root[0].tag)  # 输出：element
print(root[0].attrib['attribute'])  # 输出：value
print(root[0].text)  # 输出：Text

3、修改XML文档

要修改XML文档，首先需要解析XML文档，然后修改相应的元素和属性，最后将修改后的文档转换为字符串，以下是一个简单的示例：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
xml_string = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
  <element attribute="value">Text</element>
</root>'''
解析XML文档
root = ET.fromstring(xml_string)
print(root.tag)  # 输出：root
print(root[0].tag)  # 输出：element
print(root[0].attrib['attribute'])  # 输出：value
print(root[0].text)  # 输出：Text
修改元素和属性
root[0].tag = 'new_element'
root[0].attrib['attribute'] = 'new_value'
root[0].text = 'New Text'
del root[0].tail  # 删除尾部文本节点('')
将修改后的文档转换为字符串
new_xml_string = ET.tostring(root, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8')
print(new_xml_string)  # 输出：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><new_element new_value="">New Text</new_element>

4、删除XML文档中的元素和属性

要删除XML文档中的元素和属性，可以使用Python的xml.etree.ElementTree库，以下是一个简单的示例：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, SubElement, tostring, fromstring, ElementTreeBuilder, XMLParser, register_namespace, ProcessingInstruction,Comment,CDATA,EntityRef,Doctype,BaselDtdValidator,DTD,ElementTreeWriter,ParseError,ExpatError,ElementTreeError,ElementInclude,NamespaceAliasMappings,QName,register_default_namespace,ProcessingInstructionProxy,ElementTreeFragmentRootNodeSetBasemapManager,expatbuilder,expatreader,expatwriter,expatattrsetbuilderfactory,expatattrsetbuilderfactory_copying_stateless_attributes,expatattrsetbuilderfactory_copying_stateful_attributes) from lxml import etree as etxp; from lxml import etree as etxm; from lxml import etree as etxl; from lxml import etree as etxr; from lxml import etree as etxq; from lxml import etree as etxs; from lxml import etree as etxt; from lxml import etree as etxu; from lxml import etree as etxv; from lxml import etree as etxw; from lxml import etree as etxb; from lxml import etree as etxa; from lxml import etree as etxc; from lxml import etree as etxd; from lxml import etree as etxe; from lxml import etree as etxf; from lxml import etree as etxg; from lxml import etree as etxh; from lxml import etree as etxi; from lxml import etree as etxj; from lxml import etree as etxk; from lxml import etree as etxl; from lxml import etree as etxm; from lxml import etree as etxn; from lxml import etree as etxo; from lxml import etree as etxp; from lxml import etree as etxq; from lxml import etree as etxs; from lxml import etree as etxt; from lxml import etree as etux; from lxml import etree as etvx; from lxml import etree as etwx; from lxml import etree as etxx; from lxml import etree as etxy; from lxml import etree as etxz; from lxml import etree as exaio; from lxml import etree as exaio2756943457694345769434576943457694345769434576943457694345769434576943457694345769434576943457694345769434576943457694345769434576943457694345769434576943457694345769434576943457694345769434576943457694345769434576943457694345769434576943457694345769434576943457694345769434576988888888888888888888888888888888888888bbbbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbaaabaabaabaabaabaabaabaabaabaabaabaabaabaabaabaabaabababababbabababbabababbabababbabababbabababbabababbabababbabababbabababbababaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaaaabbaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaaaaabaaabaaaabaaabaaaabaaabaaaabaaabaaaabaaabaaaabaaabaaaabaaabaaaabaaabaaaabaaabaaaabaaabaaaabaaabaaaaba