Behat是一种行为驱动开发(BDD)方法，用于测试软件系统的功能。它通过描述用户与系统的交互来生成测试用例，并自动执行这些用例以验证系统的正确性。评测编程专家指南和Cucumber行为驱动开发指南是两本与Behat相关的书籍，其中评测编程专家指南提供了关于如何使用Behat进行自动化测试的详细指导，而Cucumber行为驱动开发指南则介绍了如何使用Cucumber框架实现BDD。这两本书都是学习和实践Behat的重要参考资料。
Behat是一种用于行为驱动开发(BDD)的开源工具，它允许开发者通过编写自然语言描述的场景来测试软件，要充分利用Behat的功能，需要对其进行有效的评测和调试，本指南将为评测编程专家提供关于如何使用Behat进行评测和调试的详细信息。
1. Behat简介
Behat是一个用于行为驱动开发(BDD)的开源测试框架，它允许开发者通过编写自然语言描述的场景来测试软件，这些场景被称为“特性”，而与之相关的步骤则被称为“步骤”，Behat会自动执行这些步骤，并根据它们的结果来判断特性是否通过。
2. Behat评测编程概述
在Behat中，评测编程主要涉及到以下几个方面：
- 定义特性和步骤
- 编写测试数据
- 设计断言
- 编写评测脚本
- 运行评测
3. 定义特性和步骤
在Behat中，特性和步骤是通过Gherkin语言编写的，特性描述了一个软件系统应该具有的功能，而步骤则是实现这些功能的逻辑，一个简单的特性和步骤如下：
Feature: 用户注册
Scenario: 用户可以成功注册
Given 用户输入有效的电子邮件地址和密码
When 用户点击注册按钮
Then 用户应该看到注册成功的提示信息4. 编写测试数据
为了使评测更加准确，我们需要编写一些测试数据来模拟不同的输入情况，这些数据通常存储在文件中，以便在多个场景之间共享，我们可以创建一个名为users.yml的文件，其中包含以下内容：
- name: Alice email: alice@example.com password: p@ssw0rd! - name: Bob email: bob@example.com password: qwerty!
我们可以在场景中使用这些数据作为输入参数。
Feature: 用户注册
Scenario: 用户可以成功注册
Given the following users are registered: <<users>>
...5. 设计断言
断言是用来验证评测结果的关键，在Behat中，我们可以使用Python、PHP等编程语言编写自定义的断言函数，我们可以编写一个名为assert_registration_success的断言函数，用于检查注册是否成功：
from behat.context import Context, Step from behat.common.exceptions import ExpectationError as BEHAPEXCEPTION_ERROR from behat.drivers.page_factory import PageFactory as DriverFactory from behat.gherkin import NodeType, Model, PythonMethodName as method_name, gherkin_to_pystr as to_pystr, check_that_it_is_true as check_true, check_that_it_is_false as check_false, check_that_it_is_equal as check_equal, check_that_it_is_not as check_not, check_that_it_contains as check_contains, check_that_it_starts_with as check_starts_with, check_that_it_ends_with as check_ends_with, match_regex as match_re, find_strings as find_str, split_strings as split_str, replace_strings as replace_str, get_property as getprop, fieldset as fieldset, field as field, boolean as bool, integer as int, float as float, string as str, list as list, dict as dict, set as set, tuple as tuple, frozenset as frozenset, none as _none, timedelta as dt # noqa pylint: disable=W0611 # noqa pylint: disable=C0103 # noqa pylint: disable=C0111 # noqa pylint: disable=C0326 # noqa pylint: disable=R0913 # noqa pylint: disable=R0914 # noqa pylint: disable=R0915 # noqa pylint: disable=R0916 # noqa pylint: disable=R0917 # noqa pylint: disable=R0918 # noqa pylint: disable=R0919 # noqa pylint: disable=R0920 # noqa pylint: disable=R0921 # noqa pylint: disable=R0922 # noqa pylint: disable=W0622 # noqa pylint: disable=W0612 # noqa pylint: disable=W0623 # noqa pylint: disable=W0624 # noqa pylint: disable=W0625 # noqa pylint: disable=W0626 # noqa pylint: disable=W0627 # noqa pylint: disable=W0628 # noqa pylint: disable=W0629 # noqa pylint: disable=W0633 # noqa pylint: disable=W0634 # noqa pylint: disable=W0635 # noqa pylint: disable=W0636 # noqa pylint: disable=W0637 # noqa pylint: disable=W0638 # noqa pylint: disable=W0639 # noqa pylint::object = object[None] # noqa pylint::list = list[None] # noqa pylint::dict = dict[None] # noqa pylint::set = set[None] # noqa pylint::frozenset = frozenset[None] # noqa pylint::bool = bool() # noqa pylint::int = int() # ...
