Ansible是一款自动化运维工具，可以实现批量系统配置、批量程序部署、批量运行命令等功能。 它可以通过powershell 与winrm远程管理服务实现对windows系统的控制。
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随着IT技术的发展，自动化运维已经成为了许多企业和组织的核心需求，在这个过程中，Ansible作为一种强大的自动化运维工具，受到了越来越多人的关注和喜爱，本文将从Ansible的基本概念、原理、安装和配置等方面进行详细解读，帮助大家全面掌握Ansible自动化运维的技能。
Ansible简介
Ansible是一个开源的IT自动化工具，用于配置管理和应用部署，它使用SSH协议来实现远程管理，可以轻松地在不同的平台和设备之间进行通信，Ansible的主要目标是简化系统管理员的工作，提高工作效率。
Ansible原理
Ansible的核心思想是“playbook”，它是一种基于YAML语言的文本文件，用于描述一系列任务的执行顺序和结果，通过编写playbook,用户可以定义需要执行的任务、任务之间的依赖关系以及任务的执行顺序，Ansible会根据playbook的内容，自动完成任务的编排和执行。
Ansible安装与配置
1、安装Ansible
在开始使用Ansible之前，需要先将其安装到本地计算机或服务器上，以下是在不同操作系统上安装Ansible的方法：
- 在Ubuntu/Debian系统上，可以使用以下命令安装Ansible:
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ansible
- 在CentOS/RHEL系统上，可以使用以下命令安装Ansible:
sudo yum install epel-release sudo yum install ansible
- 在Windows系统上，可以使用以下命令安装Ansible:
choco install ansible
2、配置Ansible服务
安装完成后，需要对Ansible进行一些基本的配置，以便在本地计算机或服务器上运行，以下是配置Ansible服务的示例命令：
- 修改Ansible配置文件(通常位于/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg):
[defaults] inventory = /path/to/your/inventory/file remote_user = your_remote_user host_key_checking = False
- 创建并编辑主机清单文件(通常位于/etc/ansible/hosts):
[group_name] host1 ansible_host=192.168.1.1 ansible_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=your_password host2 ansible_host=192.168.1.2 ansible_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=your_password
Ansible实战案例
下面我们通过一个简单的实战案例，演示如何使用Ansible进行系统部署和配置管理，假设我们要在一个新购买的服务器上安装和配置Nginx Web服务器，我们需要编写一个playbook来描述这个过程：
- name: Install and configure Nginx on Ubuntu servers
hosts: all
become: yes
tasks:
- name: Update system packages list
apt: update_cache=yes state=latest cache_valid_time=3600 package=nginx* state=present notify=Reboot,InstallNginxTask,DisableNginxTask,EnableNginxTask
vars:
message: "Upgrading system packages"
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