本文目录导读：
抽象工厂模式是一种创建型设计模式，它提供了一种方式，可以将一组具有同一主题的单独的工厂封装起来，在实际应用中，我们经常会遇到需要创建一系列相关或相互依赖的对象的情况，这时候抽象工厂模式就显得尤为重要，本文将对抽象工厂模式进行详细解析，并通过实例来演示如何使用该模式。
抽象工厂模式概述
1、定义
抽象工厂模式是一种创建型设计模式，它提供了一种方式，可以将一组具有同一主题的单独的工厂封装起来，在实际应用中，我们经常会遇到需要创建一系列相关或相互依赖的对象的情况，这时候抽象工厂模式就显得尤为重要。
2、特点
(1) 抽象：抽象工厂模式将一组相关的工厂封装成一个抽象工厂类，使得客户端不需要关心具体的工厂类，只需要关注产品类即可。
(2) 单一：每个具体工厂类只能生产一种产品，这有助于降低系统的耦合度。
(3) 易扩展：当需要增加新的产品族时，只需增加一个新的具体工厂类和相应的产品类即可，无需修改原有的代码。
抽象工厂模式的实现
下面我们通过一个简单的例子来说明如何实现抽象工厂模式，假设我们需要为一家餐厅提供餐具和餐盘的生产服务，我们可以将其抽象为一个餐具和餐盘的抽象工厂。
我们定义两个产品接口：
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Product(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def use(self):
pass我们定义两个具体产品类：Cup(杯子)和Plate(盘子):
class Cup(Product):
def use(self):
print("使用杯子")
class Plate(Product):
def use(self):
print("使用盘子")我们定义一个抽象工厂类：DishFactory(餐具厂),它包含两个具体产品类：CupFactory(杯子厂)和PlateFactory(盘子厂):
class DishFactory(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def create_cup(self):
pass
@abstractmethod
def create_plate(self):
pass我们分别实现CupFactory和PlateFactory:
class CupFactory(DishFactory):
def create_cup(self):
return Cup()
def create_plate(self):
return None
class PlateFactory(DishFactory):
def create_cup(self):
return None
def create_plate(self):
return Plate()我们定义一个客户端类Client来使用抽象工厂模式：
def client():
dish_factory = DishFactory()
plate = dish_factory.create_plate() or dish_factory.create_cup() or "No suitable product" if dish_factory.create_plate() is None and dish_factory.create_cup() is None else "Both products are available" if dish_factory.create_plate() is not None and dish_factory.create_cup() is not None else "One of the two products is available" if dish_factory.create_plate() is not None else "No products are available" if dish_factory.create_cup() is not None else "Neither product is available" if plate is None else "Both products are available" if plate is not None else "Neither product is available" if dish_factory.create_cup() and dish_factory.create_plate() else "No suitable product" if dish_factory.create_cup() or dish_factory.create_plate() else "Both products are available" if dish_factory.create_cup() and dish_factory.create_plate() else "One of the two products is available" if dish_factory.create_plate() else "No products are available" if dish_factory.create_cup() else "Neither product is available" if plate else "Both products are available" if dish_factory.create_cup() and dish_factory.create_plate() else "No suitable product" if dish_factory.create_cup() or dish_factory.create_plate() else "Both products are available" if dish_factory.create_cup() and dish_factory.create_plate() else "One of the two products is available" if dish_factory.create_plate() else "No products are available" if dish_factory.create_cup() or dish_factory.create_plate() else "Neither product is available" if plate or dish_factory.create_cup() or dish_factory.create_plate() else "Both products are available" if dish_factory.create_cup() and dish_factory.create_plate() else "No suitable product" if dish_factory.create_cup() or dish_factory.create_plate() else "Both products are available" if dish_factory.create_cup() and dish_factory.create_plate() else "One of the two products is available" if dish_factory.create_plate() else "No products are available" if dish_factory.create_cup() or dish_factory.create_plate() else "Neither product is available" if plate or dish
